Influx can give you a dex advantage, but it won't allow you to shoot first. The clone always shoots first, and influx has nothing to do with his accuracy, only yours. In my experience he will hit you at least 80% of the time. It probably depends on your accuracy but I'm not certain about that. Do you have a particularly impressive accuracy percentage (>90%)?
There is no way to kill him reliably without a trignet. A hit will keep him from attacking the first h2h round and give you a strong hp advantage.
Action combat is really the only way to do it, because you have to hit him every round. One miss willl wipe out your advantage, because he almost certainly will hit you. The last thing you want is to die at that level.
I believe the guard's bravery is your bravery. If you have a particularly low bravery percentage you might find it impossible to kill him.
Attempting to fight without armor will deplete your medkits much faster, because when the guard hits you with his trignet (most of the time) you'll have to run away and heal up that much more. Armor isn't really worth cloning.
The best item to clone is the alien device. It sells for 95k. A player spending lots of time in the afb shouldn't have a problem getting one. I would not recommend cloning things like eggs, keys, and medkits. It is a huge expense to pull off cloning, not to mention a huge risk, and when it works you want to pull in the most possible cash. Selling a trignet and 6 alien devices at the afb nets you ~650k. I know of no other way to make that kind of cash in a single turn.